Journal Number 102
February 2007


THE COLUMN

Thelymitra formosa "Opuatia"
By Eric Scanlen

Remember Ian Reid's remarkable pix of Thelymitra formosa with dazzlingly bright red cilia in Journal 100: P 27? This is a taxon from the Opuatia Wetland at about 20m altitude and Ian had these modest words to say about it.

"A recent thumb through of archived prints and negatives of Thelymitra orchids, raised questions about the taxonomic identity of certain plants discovered flowering on the dome of the Opuatia wetland, back in the summers of the 1980s and '90s.

"Plant photography was my bent; it developed my interest in native orchids. With the Hamilton Junior Naturalists, I discovered Te Kauri Park in the Kawhia district - a rich source of orchid species.

Peter de Lange was a vigorous Junat. Later, while he was studying at Waikato University, he led me to Opuatia wetland. He spotted the taxon in question here and expressed his opinion that it might be Thelymitra formosa.

"I accepted without question, Peter de Lange's botanical tutelage. He led me and others into the wetland and inspired efforts to discover and identify specimens in the jungle-like sedge swamp. Early December, in sunny or even cloudy weather, we found open flowers.

"T. formosa among the wild grass and ferns on the dome of the swamp, is only one of the exciting orchid taxa we studied. Bev Woolley from Hamilton, usually wallowed and brushed through the thick profusion with me to the drier dome, often sighting unknown orchid specimens beyond our energy and reach, and always wet.

"I am grateful now, in 2006, to the real author and investigator, namely 'The Column', who has minutely observed the old negative material proffered from my archive set and presented evidence gleaned on this taxon's identity."

This T. formosa taxon will still be there in 2006 along with other remarkable orchid taxa also deserving far more attention such as that hypochromic Prasophyllum hectorii [J93:9] which impressed Ian with its metres long roots, an alba form of Thelymitra cyanea [J100:27] also Peter de Lange's Pterostylis "Sphagnum" and white Spiranthes novae-zelandiae [J70:17]. However, the Column has been in no fit state to pursue these treasures for the last two years much as he is champing at the bit to get amongst them. Next year!

On his prints, Ian pointed out the undeniable evidence of the column, on his T. formosa "Opuatia", being different from those of the regular forms of this normally subalpine species. Not only are the column tops and cilia that bright red but they sprout similar cilia on the post anther margins as one can see in Figs.24, 25 below.

Bob Talbot had a similar flower from 260m altitude at Ngaere Swamp, East Egmont, as one can see on the cover of Ian St George's Nature Guide but whether Bob's one had cilia on the side lobules is not clear from the photo. Ngaere Swamp has been drained so the very existence of that colony is now in grave doubt.

       
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Fig. 24. Thelymitra formosa "Opuatia" column from above and behind, scanned from a tiny portion of Ian's 35mm negative, showing the bright red, ciliated post anther portions of the column. Photo from late November, Opuatia Wetland say 20m above sea level.   Fig. 25. Thelymitra formosa "Opuatia" columns scanned and adjusted from a contrasty negative, clearly showing cilia on the side lobules. None of the subalpine plants demonstrate this trait.

 
 


The Column's pix, from four sites around the Central Plateau, all show the usual pale yellow cilia on the column arms with naked post anther margins of red, yellow or apricot hue although minor differences among them are still apparent.

Note Fig.26 with prominent red side lobules, from 1,100m at Waipakihi Hut on 5 Feb. 1975, Fig.27 with forked yellow side lobules from the Silica Rapids at 1,280m on Ruapehu on 19 Feb. 1995 and Fig.28 with wavy edged apricot side lobules from Erua Rd. at 740m, on 16 Jan. 2001.

The last is much the same as a solitary Iwitahi flower, albeit with unusually narrow tepals, on 22 Jan. 1995, overexposed so not here illustrated.

       
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Fig. 26. T. formosa for comparison from
1,100m altitude near Waipakihi Hut,
5 Feb 1975. Note yellow cilia on column
arms only. Red to yellow post anther
lobe with undulating margin.
Fig. 27. T. formosa from Silica Rapids, Ruapehu at 1,280m altitude, 19 Feb. 1995. Forked yellow side lobules otherwise similar to the Waipakihi taxon.   Fig. 28. T. formosa from Erua Road at 740m, 16 Jan. 2001. Unforked, less prominent side lobules than for Silica Rapids but standard yellow cilia and non-ciliated post anther portions.


Quite possibly, Ian's rare Opuatia taxon is distinct so could do with some serious investigation and measures of conservation?

Firstly, T. "Opuatia's" cilia on the side lobules are structurally different from the norm; not that cilia or lack thereof made any difference to the controversial definition of T. pulchella for instance.

Secondly, there is the altitude difference from the usual subalpine habitat and; The cilia on the side lobules of T. "Opuatia" are structurally different from the norm; not that cilia or lack thereof made any difference to the controversial definition of T. pulchella for instance.

The Column's only contact with, normal, yellow ciliated forms, has been subalpine, flowering in Jan/Feb suggesting that cross pollination with the lowland red ciliated form flowering in Nov/Dec. would be unlikely but Peter de Lange assures us that the common form is still present in lowland wetlands from Great Barrier to Stewart and the Chatham Islands.

However, the Opuatia and subalpine taxa are indubitably following different evolutionary paths
so the Column has to agree with Ian that there are "questions about the taxonomic identity" of
T. formosa "Opuatia".

What more evidence is needed to separate taxa for specific status? Some DNA comparisons and chromosome counts would be of value to verify or negate Ian's question.

 

 

 

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