Journal Number 101
November 2006

THE NEW ZEALAND ORCHIDS

The Editor's annual list of New Zealand orchid taxa
- a personal opinion, wrested from observation, discussion, plagiarism and taxonomic punch-ups.
I am indebted to Murray Dawson of Landcare Research, Lincoln, for carefully cross-checking the
names against independent lists, correcting typos, and standardising the author and journal titles.

Author abbreviations are standardised following Brummitt and Powell (1992) [1], and publication
titles are abbreviated (where possible) according to Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum, Suppl.
(BPH/S) (1991) and Taxonomic Literature (TL2) (1976-1988) and its Supplements (TL2/S) (1992-2000).
These resources are available electronically at the International Plant Names Index
(IPNI, see http://www.ipni.org/index.html).

Acianthus R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 321 (1810) Acianthus alliance
Acianthus sinclairii Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 245 (1853).
Acianthus fornicatus var. sinclairii (Hook.f.) Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 369 (1945). 

Adelopetalum Fitzg., J. Bot. 29: 152 (1891) Bulbophyllum alliance
Adelopetalum tuberculatum (Colenso) D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy. Orchadian 13(11): 498 (2002).
Bolbophyllum tuberculatum Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 16: 336 (1884).
Bulbophyllum exiguum as meant by Buchanan. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 16: 397 (1884), is not that of F.Muell. (1861).

Adenochilus Hook.f. Fl Nov.-Zel. 1: 246 t.56 (1853)
Adenochilus gracilis Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 246 t.56  (1853).

Aporostylis Rüpp & Hatch. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 70: 60 (1946)Aporostylis bifolia (Hook.f.) Rüpp & Hatch. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 70: 60 (1946).
Caladenia bifolia Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 247 (1853).
Chiloglottis traversii F.Muell. Veg. Chath. Is. 51 (1864).
Caladenia macrophylla Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 27: 396 (1895).
Chiloglottis bifolia (Hook.f.) Schltr. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 45: 383 (1911).

Caladenia R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810)
Caladenia alata R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 324 (1810).
Petalochilus alatus (R.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(9): 406 (2001).
Caladenia minor Hook.f. var. exigua Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 688 (1906).
Caladenia exigua Cheeseman. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 45: 96 (1913).
Caladenia carnea R.Br. var. alata (R.Br.) Domin. Bibliotheca Botanica Heft 85: 549 (1915).
Caladenia carnea R.Br. var. exigua (Cheeseman) Rüpp. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 69: 75 (1944).
Caladenia holmesii Rüpp. Victoria Naturalist 70: 179 (1954).
Caladenia catenata (Sm.) Druce var. exigua (Cheeseman) W.M.Curtis. Stud. Fl. Tasman., 4A: 133 (1979).

Caladenia bartlettii (Hatch) D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(5): 227 (1997).
Petalochilus bartlettii (Hatch) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(9): 406 (2001).
Caladenia carnea R.Br. var. bartlettii Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 77: 402 (1949).

Caladenia chlorostyla D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(5): 223 f1 (1997).
Petalochilus chlorostylus (D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(9): 406 (2001).
Caladenia catenata as meant by Cooper. Field guide to the NZ native orchids 17 (1984), is not that of Druce (1917).
Caladenia "green column" tagname.
Scanlen argues that C. chlorostyla may be a synonym for C. minor.
A similar but distinct plant is known as C. aff. chlorostyla.

Caladenia minor Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 247 t.56b (1853).
Petalochilus minor (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(9): 410 (2001).
Caladenia carnea var. pygmaea (R.S.Rogers) Rüpp. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 69: 74 (1944).
Caladenia carnea R.Br. var. minor (Hook.f.) Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 77: 401 (1949).
Caladenia catenata var. minor (Hook.f.) W.M.Curtis. Stud. Fl. Tasman., 4A: 106 (1979).
The identity of Caladenia minor is not clear: it may be a synonym for C. alata, C. chlorostyla or C. aff. chlorostyla: there are 4 on the Type sheet.

Caladenia nothofageti D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(5): 226 f.1 (1997).
Petalochilus nothofageti (D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem.) Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(9): 410 (2001).

Caladenia variegata Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 248 (1885).
Petalochilus variegatus (Colenso) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(9): 410 (2001).
Caladenia "big pink" tagname. Some flowers have a clear two rows of calli on the labellum, others have extra calli scattered to either side of the two rows.

Caladenia aff. fuscata a small pink Caladenia which appears similar to this variable Australian species, with 1-3 flowers (see Scanlen. NZNOG Journal 72: 22 [1999]). It appears to be identical with Matthews's Ms. Caladenia "nitida-rosea".

Caladenia aff. pusilla a tiny pink Caladenia with broad oval sepals and petals, an incurved dorsal sepal and a triangular labellar midlobe; grows near Wellington, Taranaki and in Northland (W.M.Curtis. Stud. Fl. Tasman., 4A: 133 [1980]).

Caladenia subgenus Stegostyla (D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.) Hopper and A.P.Br. Austral. Syst. Bot. 17: 171-240 (2004).
Caladenia atradenia D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(5): 221 (1997).
Stegostyla atradenia (D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(9): 414 (2001).
Caladenia carnea R.Br. var. minor forma calliniger Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Bot. 2: 187 (1963).
Caladenia iridescens as meant by Hatch. NZNOG Newsletter 16:1 (1985), is not that of R.S.Rogers (1920)
Caladenia calliniger", Caladenia aff. iridescens tagnames.

Caladenia lyallii Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 247 (1853).
Stegostyla lyallii (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(9): 413 (2001).
There seem to be a number of taxa currently included in C. lyallii agg., including a small form from Iwitahi and Nelson Lakes.

Caladenia aff. alpina. Plants closer to C. alpina than to C. lyallii are in NZ. See St George. NZNOG Journal 63: 4 (1997).

Calochilus R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 320 (1810)
Calochilus aff. herbaceus.
Calochilus herbaceus as meant by McCrae NZNOG Newsletter 24: 9 (1987) is not that of Lindl.
Calochilus campestris as meant by Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 77: 248 (1949), is not that of R.Br. (1810).

Calochilus paludosus R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 320 (1810).

Calochilus robertsonii Benth. Fl. Austral. 6: 315 (1873).
Calochilus campestris as meant by Fitzg. Austral. Orchids 1(4): t.6 (1878), is not that of R.Br. (1810).
Calochilus campestris as meant by Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 686 (1906), is not that of R.Br. (1810).

Chiloglottis R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 322 (1810)
Chiloglottis cornuta Hook.f. Bot. Antarct. Voy., Vol. 1, Fl. Antarct.: 69 (1844).
Caladenia cornuta (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 67 (1871).
Simpliglottis cornuta (Hook.f.) Szlach. Polish Bot. J. 46(1): 13 (2001).

Chiloglottis trapeziformis Fitzg. Austral. Orchids 1(3): t.8  (1877).
Myrmechila trapeziformis (Fitzg.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 15: 37 (2005).
Chiloglottis formicifera as meant by Cheeseman Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 33: 312 (1900), appears not to be that of Fitzg. (1877), but argument continues.

Chiloglottis valida D.L.Jones. Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 43-44 t 54 p154 (1991).
Simpliglottis valida (D.L.Jones) Szlach. Polish Bot. J. 46(1): 14 (2001).
Chiloglottis gunnii as meant by Molloy. Native orchids of NZ 9 (1983), is not that of Lindl. (1840).

Corunastylis Fitzg. Austral. Orchids 2(3): t.1 (1888) Prasophyllum alliance
Corunastylis nuda (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 461 (2002).
Prasophyllum nudum Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 242 (1853).
Prasophyllum tunicatum Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 242 (1853).
Prasophyllum variegatum Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 20: 208 (1888).
Genoplesium nudum (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Lindleyana 4(3): 144 (1989).

Corunastylis pumila (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 461 (2002).
Prasophyllum pumilum Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1:242 (1853).
Genoplesium pumilum (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Lindleyana 4(3): 144 (1989).

The Corybas alliance (Corybas Salisb. Parad. Lond. t.83 [1805])
Anzybas carsei (Cheeseman) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 443 (2002).
Corybas carsei (Cheeseman) Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 367 (1945).
Corysanthes carsei Cheeseman. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 44: 162 (1912).
Corybas unguiculatus as meant by L.B.Moore. Fl. New Zealand Vol. 2: 116 (1970), is not Corysanthes unguiculatus of R.Br. (1810).

Anzybas rotundifolius (Cheeseman) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 443 (2002).
Corybas rotundifolius (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 67 (1871).
Nematoceras rotundifolia Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 251 (1853).
Corysanthes rotundifolia (Hook.f.) Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 266 (1864).
Corysanthes matthewsii Cheeseman. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 31: 351 (1899).
Corybas unguiculatus as meant by Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 367 (1945), is not Corysanthes unguiculatus of R.Br. (1810).

Corybas cheesemanii (Hook.f. ex Kirk) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 657 (1891).
Corysanthes cheesemanii Hook.f. ex Kirk. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 3: 180 (1871).
Corybas aconitiflorus as meant by Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 367 (1945), is not that of Salisb. (1807).

Molloybas cryptanthus (Hatch) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 448 (2002).
Corybas cryptanthus Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 83: 577 (1956).
Corybas saprophyticus Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79: 366 t.71 (1952), is not that of Schltr. (1923).

Nematoceras acuminatum (M.A.Clem. & Hatch) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 449 (2002).
Corysanthes acuminata (M.A.Clem. & Hatch) Szlach. Richardiana 3(2): 97 (2003).
Corybas acuminatus M.A.Clem. & Hatch. New Zealand J. Bot. 23: 491 f.2 (1985).
Corybas rivularis as meant by Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 697 (1906), and others (1906-1985), is not Acianthus rivularis of A.Cunn. (1837).

Nematoceras hypogaeum (Colenso) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 449 (2002).
Corysanthes hypogaea Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 16: 336 (1884).

Nematoceras iridescens (Irwin & Molloy) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 449 (2002).
Corysanthes iridescens (Irwin & Molloy) Szlach. Richardiana 3(2): 98 (2003).
Corybas iridescens Irwin & Molloy. New Zealand J. Bot. 34:1 (1996).
Corybas "A" tagname.

Nematoceras longipetalum (Hatch) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 449 (2002).
Corybas macranthus (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. var. longipetalus Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 76: 580 t.60(1) (1947).
Corybas longipetalus (Hatch) Hatch. NZNOG Journal 47: 6 (1993), is not that of Schltr. (1923).
Corybas orbiculatus (Colenso) L.B.Moore. Fl. New Zealand Vol. 2: 118 (1970), is not Corysanthes orbiculata of Colenso (1891).

Nematoceras macranthum Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 250 (1853).
Corybas macranthus (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 67 (1871).
Corysanthes macrantha (Hook.f.) Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 266 (1864).
There are several forms in this aggregate. Probable hybrids with insect-pollinated members of the N. trilobum aggregate have been reported.

Nematoceras orbiculatum (Colenso) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 449 (2002).
Corysanthes orbiculata Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 23: 389 (1891).
Corybas "short tepals",  Corybas "C", tagnames.
Corybas orbiculatus as meant by L.B.Moore. Fl. New Zealand Vol. 2: 118 (1970) and others (1970-1996), is not Corysanthes orbiculatus of Colenso (1891) - see Molloy & Irwin . New Zealand J. Bot. 34 (1): 5 (1996).

Nematoceras panduratum (Cheeseman) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 449 (2002).
Corysanthes rotundifolia var. pandurata Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 366 (1925), is not Nematoceras rotundifolia of Hook.f.
This is regarded as a synonym of Nematoceras rivulare.

Nematoceras papa (Molloy & Irwin) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 449 (2002).
Corybas papa Molloy & Irwin. New Zealand J. Bot. 34(1): 5 (1996).
Corybas "Mt Messenger " and Corybas "B" tagnames.

Nematoceras papillosum (Colenso) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 449 (2002).
Corysanthes papillosa Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 16: 337 (1884).
This has been regarded as a synonym of Nematoceras macranthum, and it may be a  distinct member of that aggregate.

Nematoceras rivulare (A.Cunn.) Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 251 (1853).
Acianthus rivularis A.Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 376 (1837).
Corysanthes rivularis (A.Cunn.) Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 266 (1864).
Corybas rivularis (A.Cunn.) Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 67 (1871).
Corysanthes rotundifolia as meant by Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 695 (1906), is not Nematoceras rotundifolia of Hook.f. (1853).
Corybas orbiculatus as meant by L.B.Moore. Fl. New Zealand Vol. 2: 118 (1970) and others (1970-1996), is not Corysanthes orbiculatus of Colenso (1891)
Corybas "Kerikeri " tagname. The Nematoceras rivulare complex includes unnamed taxa tagged N. "Kaimai", N. "restarea", N. "Kaitarakihi", N. "whiskers" (aka N. "viridis"), N. "Mangahuia", N. "sphagnum", N. "veil" and N. "Pollok".

Nematoceras trilobum Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 250 (1853).
Corybas trilobus (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 67 (1871).
Corysanthes triloba (Hook.f.) Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 265 (1864).
About 25 taxa in the N. trilobum complex are of speculative taxonomic status; they include the tiny May to July flowering forms tagged N. "pygmy"; the later-flowering N. "Trotters" (NZNOG Newsletter 28: 10-13 [1988]), N. "Rimutaka" (NZNOG Journal 58: 8-9 [1996]), N. "round leaf", N. "craigielea", N. "darkie", N. "trisept", N. "triwhite" and many others, including perhaps a tetraploid form on the Chathams (Molloy BPJ Orchids of the Chatham Islands. DOC, 2002).

Singularybas oblongus (Hook.f.) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 13(10): 449 (2002).
Nematoceras oblonga Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 250 t.57B (1853).
Corysanthes oblonga (Hook.f.) Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 266 (1864).
Corybas oblongus (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 67 (1871).
There are two or three taxa included in this complex. One was named in manuscript by Matthews as Corysanthes "aestivalis".

Cryptostylis R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 317 (1810)
Cryptostylis subulata (Labill.) Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 15 (1871).
Malaxis subulata Labill. Nov. Holl. Pl. 2: 62 t.212 (1806).

Cyrtostylis R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 322 (1810) Acianthus alliance
Cyrtostylis oblonga Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 246 (1853).
Acianthus reniformis var. oblonga (Hook.f.) Rüpp & Hatch. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 70:59 (1946)

Cyrtostylis reniformis R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 322 (1810).
Cyrtostylis rotundifolia Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 246 (1853).
Cyrtostylis macrophylla Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 246 (1853).
Caladenia reniformis (R.Br.) Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 67 (1871).
Cyrtostylis oblonga (Hook.f.) var. rotundifolia (Hook.f.) Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 685 (1906).
Acianthus reniformis (R.Br.) Schltr. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 39 (1906).
Acianthus reniformis var. reniformis (Hook.f.) Rüpp & Hatch. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 70: 59 (1946).

Danhatchia Garay & Christenson. Orchadian 11(10): 469 f.471 (1995)
Danhatchia australis (Hatch) Garay & Christenson. Orchadian 11(10): 470 (1995).
Yoania australis Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Bot. 2: 185 (1963).

Drymoanthus Nicholls. Victorian Naturalist 59: 173 (1943)
Drymoanthus adversus (Hook.f.) Dockrill. Australasian Sarcanthinae 32 t.3 (1967).
Sarcochilus adversus Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 241 (1853).
Sarcochilus breviscapa Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14: 332 (1882).

Drymoanthus flavus St George & Molloy. New Zealand J. Bot. 32: 416 f.1 (1994).

Earina Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub t.1699 (1834)
Earina aestivalis Cheeseman. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 51: 93 (1919).

Earina autumnalis (G.Forst.) Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 239 (1853).
Epidendrum autumnale G.Forst. Prodr. 60 (1786).
Earina suaveolens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 29 (1843).
Earina alba Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 267 (1886).

Earina mucronata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20 sub t.1699 (1834).
Earina quadrilobata Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 15: 325 (1883).

Gastrodia R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 330 (1810)
Gastrodia cunninghamii Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 251 (1853).
Gastrodia leucopetala Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 268 (1886).

Gastrodia minor Petrie. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 25: 273 t.20 f.5-7 (1893).

Gastrodia "long column" agg.: there are a number of undescribed Gastrodia with a long column.

Gastrodia aff. sesamoides. Gastrodia sesamoides as meant by Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 697 (1906), is not that of R.Br. (1810).
Gastrodia "city" appears to be a variant.

Ichthyostomum D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy. Orchadian 13(11): 499 (2002)
Bulbophyllum alliance
Ichthyostomum pygmaeum (Sm.) D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy. Orchadian 13(11): 499 (2002).
Dendrobium pygmaeum Sm. in Rees. Cycl. (Rees) 11: n.27 (1808).
Bulbophyllum pygmaeum (Sm.) Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 58 (1830).
Bolbophyllum ichthyostomum Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 26: 319 (1894).

Microtis R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 320 (1810) Prasophyllum alliance
Microtis arenaria Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. t.306 (1840).
Microtis biloba Nicholls. Victoria Naturalist 66: 93 f.O-L (1949).

Microtis oligantha L.B.Moore. New Zealand J. Bot. 6: 473 f.1 (1969).
Microtis magnadenia as meant by Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Bot. 2: 185-189 (1963), is not that of R.S.Rogers (1930).

Microtis parviflora R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 321 (1810).
Microtis javanica Rchb.f. Bonplandia 5: 36 (1857).
Microtis benthamiana Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 24 (1871).
Microtis porrifolia (Sw.) R.Br. ex Spreng. var. parviflora (R.Br.) Rodway. Tasman. Fl. 159 (1903).
Microtis aemula Schltr. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 37 (1906).
Microtis bipulvinaris Nicholls. Victoria Naturalist 66: 92-94, f.A-F (1949).
Microtis holmesii Nicholls. Victoria Naturalist 66: 93 f.G-I (1949).

Microtis unifolia (G.Forst.) Rchb.f. Beitr. Syst. Pflanzenk. 62 (1871).
Ophrys unifolia G.Forst. Fl. Ins. Austr. 59 (1786).
Epipactis porrifolia Sw. Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 233 (1800).
Microtis porrifolia (Sw.) R.Br. ex Spreng. Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 3: 713 (1826).
Microtis banksii A.Cunn. Bot. Mag. 62: sub 1.3377  (1835).
Microtis frutetorum Schltdl. Linnaea 20: 568 (1847).
Microtis viridis F.Muell. Fragm. (Mueller) 5: 97 (1866).
Microtis longifolia Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 247 (1885).
Microtis papillosa Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 269 (1886).
Microtis pulchella as meant by Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 395 (1840), is not that of R.Br. (1810).
There are a number of different taxa in the Microtis unifolia aggregate, perhaps including some of the taxa currently placed in synonymy.

Orthoceras R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 316 (1810)
Orthoceras novae-zeelandiae (A.Rich.) M.A.Clem., D.L.Jones & Molloy. Austral. Orchid Res., 1: 100 (1989)
Diuris novae-zeelandiae A.Rich. Essai Fl. Nov. Zel. 163 t.25 f.I  (1832).
Orthoceras solandri Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 512 (1840).
Orthoceras rubrum Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 273 (1886).
Orthoceras caput-serpentis Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 22: 490 (1890).

Orthoceras strictum R.Br. forma viride Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. Bot.2; 195 (1963).
Orthoceras strictum R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 317 (1810).

Paracaleana Blaxell. Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 4: 281 (1972)
Paracaleana minor (R.Br.) Blaxell. Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 4: 281 (1972).
Caleana minor R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 329 (1810).
Caleya minor (R.Br.) Sweet. Hort. Brit. (Sweet) 385 (1827 ).
Caleya sullivanii F.Muell. Australas. Chem. Druggist 4: 44 (1882).
Paracaleana sullivanii (F.Muell.) Blaxell. Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 4:281 (1972).
Caleana nublingii Nicholls. Victoria Naturalist 48: 15 (1931).
Sullivania minor (R.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 15: 36 (2005).

Petalochilus R.S.Rogers. J. Bot. 62: 65 (1924) Caladenia alliance
Petalochilus calyciformis R.S.Rogers. J. Bot. 62: 66, (1924).
Moore (1970) treated this as an aberrant form of Caladenia.

Petalochilus saccatus R.S.Rogers. J. Bot. 62: 66 t.571, 4-7  (1924).
Caladenia saccata (R.S.Rogers) Hopper & A.P.Br. Austral. Syst. Bot. 17: 171-240 (2004).
Moore (1970) treated this as an aberrant form of Caladenia.

Prasophyllum R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 317 (1810)
Prasophyllum colensoi Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 241 (1853).
Prasophyllum pauciflorum Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 273 (1886).
Prasophyllum rogersii as meant by Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 76: 290 (1946), is not that of R.S.Rogers & Rees (1921).
Probably a number of taxa, possibly including Irwin's P. "A" and P. "B" (NZNOG Journal 79: 9-10 [2001]).

Prasophyllum hectori (Buchanan) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 15: 41 (2005).
Gastrodia hectori Buchanan. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 19: 214 (1886).
Prasophyllum patens as meant by Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. (1906), is not that of R.Br. (1810).
Prasophyllum suttoni as meant by Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 76: 291 (1946), is not that of Rüpp (1928).

Pterostylis R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 326 (1810)
Pterostylis agathicola D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(6): 266 (1997).
Pterostylis montana (Hatch) var. rubricaulis (Cheeseman) Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 77: 240 plate.23  (1949).
Pterostylis graminea (Hook.f.) var. rubricaulis H.B.Matthews ex Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 351 (1925).
Pterostylis "rubricaulis" tagname.

Pterostylis alobula (Hatch) L.B.Moore. New Zealand J. Bot. 6: 486 f.3 (1969).
Diplodium alobulum (Hatch) D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 70 (2002).
Pterostylis trullifolia as meant by Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. (1906), is not that of Hook.f.
Pterostylis trullifolia Hook.f. var. alobula Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 77: 244, t.30, f.3E-H (1949).

Pterostylis alveata Garnet. Victoria Naturalist 59: 91 (1939).
Diplodium alveatum (Garnet) D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 70 (2002).

Pterostylis areolata Petrie. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 50: 210 (1918).

Pterostylis auriculata Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 22: 489 (1890).
Pterostylis "Catlins" tagname

Pterostylis australis Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 248 (1853).

Pterostylis banksii A.Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 376  (1837).
Pterostylis emarginata Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 15: 328 (1883).
Pterostylis speciosa Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 22: 488 (1890).
Pterostylis subsimilis Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 28: 611 (1896).

Pterostylis aff. banksii A smaller taxon than true P. banksii, common around Wellington, and apparently found elsewhere (see NZNOG Journal 80: 14,19 [2001]).

Pterostylis brumalis L.B.Moore. New Zealand J. Bot. 6: 485 f.3 (1969).
Pterostylis trullifolia Hook.f. var. rubella Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 77: 244 (1949).
Diplodium brumalis (L.B.Moore) D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 70 (2002).

Pterostylis cardiostigma D.Cooper. New Zealand J. Bot. 21: 97 f.1,2 (1983).

Pterostylis cernua D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(6): 267 f (1997).

Pterostylis foliata Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 249 (1853).
Pterostylis gracilis Nicholls. Victoria Naturalist 43: 324-326 (1927).
Pterostylis vereenae R.S.Rogers. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 38: 360-361 f.18(2) (1914).

Pterostylis graminea Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 248 (1853).
There may be several taxa in the P. graminea complex, including one tagged P. "sphagnum".

Pterostylis humilis R.S.Rogers. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 46: 151 (1922).

Pterostylis irsoniana Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 78: 104 t.18 (1950).

Pterostylis irwinii D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(6): 269 (1997).
Pterostylis "Erua" tagname.

Pterostylis micromega Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 248 (1853).
Pterostylis polyphylla Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 22: 489 (1890).
Pterostylis furcata Lindl. var. micromega Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 80: 326 (1953).

Pterostylis montana Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 77: 239 t.22 (1949).

Pterostylis aff. montana agg.: includes several undescribed taxa.

Pterostylis nutans R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 327 (1810).
Pterostylis matthewsii Cheeseman. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 47: 46 (1915).

Pterostylis oliveri Petrie. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 26: 270 (1894).

Pterostylis paludosa D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(6): 271 (1997).
Pterostylis montana Hatch. var. linearis Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 77: 243 plate.29, 2  (1949).
Pterostylis "linearis" tagname.

Pterostylis patens Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 270 (1886).

Pterostylis banksii Hook.f. var. patens (Colenso) Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 370 (1945).

Pterostylis porrecta D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(6): 272 (1997).
Pterostylis aff. graminea.
P. "Hackett" tagname.

Pterostylis puberula Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 249 (1853).
Linguella puberula (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy. Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 75 (2002)
Pterostylis nana as meant by Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 77: 237 (1949), is not that of R.Br. (1810).
Pterostylis aff. nana.

Pterostylis silvicultrix (F.Muell.) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 66 (2002).
Pterostylis banksii var. silvicultrix F.Muell. Veg. Chath. Is. 51 (1864).

Pterostylis tanypoda D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Orchadian 12(6): 273 (1997).
Hymenochilus tanypodus (D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem.) D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy. Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 74 (2002).
Pterostylis cycnocephala as meant by L.B.Moore. Fl. New Zealand Vol. 2: 135 (1970) and others (1970-1997), is not that of Fitzg. (1876).

Pterostylis tasmanica D.L.Jones. Muelleria 8(2): 177 (1994).
Pterostylis squamata as meant by Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 249 (1853), is not that of R.Br. (1810).
Pterostylis barbata as meant by Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 683 (1906), is not that of Lindl. (1840)
Pterostylis plumosa as meant by Cooper. Field guide to NZ native orchids 51 (1981), is not that of Cady (1969).
Plumatichilos tasmanicum (D.L.Jones) Szlach. Polish Bot. J. 46(1): 23 (2001).

Pterostylis tristis Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 271 (1886).
Hymenochilus tristis (Colenso) D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy. Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 74 (2002).
Pterostylis mutica as meant by Cheeseman. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 15: 300 (1883), is not that of R.Br. (1810).

Pterostylis trullifolia Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 249 (1853).
Pterostylis rubella Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 271 (1886).
Pterostylis trullifolia Hook.f. var. gracilis Cheeseman. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 47: 271 (1915).
Diplodium trullifolium (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 72 (2002).

Pterostylis venosa Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 28: 610 (1896).
Pterostylis confertifolia Allan. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 56: 32 (1926).
Pterostylis trifolia Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 31: 281 (1899).

Spiranthes Rich. De Orchid. Eur. 20, 28, 36 (1817)
Spiranthes novae-zelandiae Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 243 (1853).
Spiranthes australis as meant by Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 272 (1864), is not that of Lindl. (1824).
Spiranthes sinensis as meant by Rüpp & Hatch. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 70: 58 (1946), is not that of Ames (1908).
Spiranthes lancea as meant by Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 82: 614 (1954), is not that of Backer, Bakh.f. & Steenis (1950).
The name Neottia sinensis was never used for NZ plants. Nor was the name Spiranthes sinensis var. australis (R.Br.) H.Hara & Kitam. Acta Phytotox. Geobot. 36 (1-3): 93 (1985).

Spiranthes "Motutangi" tagname for endangered Far North taxon similar to S. australis.

Thelymitra J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Char. Gen. Pl. 97 t.49 (1776)
Thelymitra aemula Cheeseman. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 51: 94 (1919).

Thelymitra aff. brevifolia Jeanes
- a form of T. aff. pauciflora with orange column midlobe, similar to the Australian sp.

Thelymitra carnea R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 314 (1810).
Thelymitra imberbis Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 244 (1853).
Thelymitra carnea R.Br. var. imberbis (Hook.f.) Rüpp & Hatch. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 70: 59 (1946).

Thelymitra cyanea (Lindl.) Benth. Fl. Austral. 6: 323 (1873).
Macdonaldia cyanea Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25 (1840).
Thelymitra uniflora Hook.f. Bot. Antarct. Voy., Vol. 1, Fl. Antarct.: 70 (1844).
Thelymitra venosa as meant by Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 671 (1906), is not that of R.Br. (1810)
Thelymitra venosa R.Br. var. typica Hatch, var. cedricsmithii Hatch, var. cyanea Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79: 390-391 (1952).

Thelymitra X dentata: a sterile hybrid of T. longifolia X T pulchella.
Thelymitra dentata L.B.Moore. New Zealand J. Bot. 6: 478 f.2 (1969).

Thelymitra formosa Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 16: 338 (1884).
Thelymitra circumsepta as meant by Hatch. NZNOG Journal 65: 8 (1997), is not that of Fitzg. (1878).

Thelymitra hatchii L.B.Moore. New Zealand J. Bot. 6: 477 f.2 (1969).
Thelymitra pachyphylla as meant by Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79: 394 plate 79 D-H  (1952), is not that of Cheeseman (1906).

Thelymitra intermedia Berggr. Minneskr. Fisiog. Sallsk. Lund 8: 21 f  (1878).
Thelymitra longifolia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. var. stenopetala Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79: 396 plate 80 F-H  (1952).
Thelymitra longifolia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. var. intermedia Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79: 396 plate 80 J  (1952).
Was tagged T. "pseudopauciflora" for a time.
Thelymitra colensoi Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 271 (1864) has been identified with T. intermedia but the description does not fit well.

Thelymitra aff. ixioides.
Thelymitra ixioides as meant by Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 669 (1864), is not that of Swartz. (Kongl. Vetansk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 253, t.3, f.L [1800]).
Thelymitra ixioides var. typica (Hook.f.) Rüpp & Hatch. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 70: 59 (1945).
T. ixioides is insect pollinated in Australia - the NZ taxon is not.

Thelymitra longifolia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Char. Gen. Pl. 98 t.49 (1776).
Serapias regularis Banks & Sol. ex G.Forst. Prodr. 59 (1776).
Thelymitra forsteri Sw. Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 228 (1800).
Thelymitra nemoralis Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 249 (1885).
Thelymitra alba Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 272 (1886).
Thelymitra cornuta Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 20: 206 (1888).
Thelymitra longifolia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. var. alba (Colenso) Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 339 (1925).
Thelymitra longifolia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. var. forsteri Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79: 396 p1.80 B-E (1952).
Thelymitra aristata as meant by Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79 pl. 79-80 (1952), is not that of Lindl. (1840).

Thelymitra aff. longifolia agg.: some undescribed taxa that appear to be insect-pollinated.

Thelymitra malvina M.A.Clem., D.L.Jones & Molloy. Austral. Orchid Res. 1: 141 (1989).

Thelymitra matthewsii Cheeseman. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 43: 177 (1911).

Thelymitra nervosa Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 20: 207 (1888).
Thelymitra decora Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 1151 (1906).

Thelymitra aff. pauciflora agg.
Thelymitra pauciflora as meant by Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl., ed. 2: 340 (1925), and others until now, is not that of R.Br. (Prod. 314 [1810]).

Thelymitra pulchella Hook.f. Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 244  (1853).
Thelymitra concinna Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 20: 207 (1888).
Thelymitra fimbriata Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 22: 490 (1890).
Thelymitra pachyphylla Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 1151 (1906).
Thelymitra caesia Petrie. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 51: 107 (1919).
T. pulchella is a very variable species, yet all of these appear to have features that are relatively stable in some populations.

Thelymitra purpureofusca Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 249 (1885).
Thelymitra "Whakapapa": undescribed taxon from Ruapehu, may be this, or may be distinct.

Thelymitra sanscilia Irwin ex Hatch. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79: 397 pl. 81 B-E (1952).

Thelymitra tholiformis Molloy & Hatch. New Zealand J. Bot. 28: 111 f.6 (1990).
Thelymitra intermedia as meant by L.B.Moore. Fl. New Zealand Vol. 2: 129 (1970), is not that of Berggr. (1878).

Thelymitra "Ahipara": a cleistogamous, unnamed taxon from the far north.

Thelymitra "Comet": a large, late-flowering Thelymitra from the Kaweka range. Appears to be sterile, so probably a hybrid.

Thelymitra "darkie": undescribed taxon from the Far North. See McCrae NZNOG Journal 24: 11; 77: 22 (1987).

Thelymitra "rough leaf": undescribed taxon from the Far North. See McCrae NZNOG Journal 24: 11; 77: 22 (1987).

Thelymitra "sky": undescribed taxon from the Far North. See Scanlen NZNOG 70: 30-35 f.6 (1998).

Townsonia Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 692 (1906) Acianthus alliance
Townsonia deflexa Cheeseman. Man. New Zealand Fl. 692 (1906).
Townsonia viridis as meant by Schltr. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 250 (1911), is not Acianthus viridis of Hook.f. (1860).
Acianthus viridis as meant by L.B.Moore. Fl. New Zealand Vol. 2: 107 (1970), is not that of Hook.f. (1860).

Waireia D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy. Orchadian 12(6): 282 (1997)
Waireia stenopetala (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy. Orchadian 12(6): 282 (1997).
Thelymitra stenopetala (Hook.f.) Bot. Antarct. Voy., Vol. 1, Fl. Antarct.: 69 (1844).
Lyperanthus antarcticus Hook.f. Bot. Antarct. Voy., Vol. 1, Fl. Antarct.: 544 (1847).

Winika M.A.Clem., D.L.Jones & Molloy. Orchadian 12(5): 214 (1997) Dendrobium alliance
Winika cunninghamii (Lindl.) M.A.Clem., D.L.Jones & Molloy. Orchadian 12(5): 214 (1997).
Dendrobium biflorum as meant by A.Rich. Essai Fl. Nov. Zel. 221  (1832), is not that of Sw. (1800 ).
Dendrobium cunninghamii Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21 sub. t.1756 (1835).
Dendrobium lessonii Colenso. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 15: 326 (1883).